Publication: 07/2006, Pages: 140 , Figures: 47, Tables: 9 Price: $3,950.00

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This report describes existing and upcoming technologies, markets, business and funding opportunities related to producing, using, and/or stockpiling Chemical, Biological, Nuclear and Radiological (CBRN) decontamination equipment and material for the purpose of decontaminating people, as well as indoor and outdoor environments.

The research answers, among others, the following questions:

• What are the main drivers and inhibitors relevant to existing decontamination technologies and markets?
• What are the business opportunities that arise from the distance between existing technologies and products and the technologies and products required to provide needed protection?
• Who, in government, is involved with decontamination R&D, and what is the funding opportunities horizon through the end of the decade and the start of the next decade?

The systems reviewed in this report include the following modalities:

• Personnel decontamination systems
• Equipment decontamination systems
• Infrastructure and Building decontamination systems
• Environmental decontamination systems

Table of Contents

1. Scope
1.1. Definition of Decontamination
1.2. Scope of this Report
1.3. Basic Assumptions
1.3.1. General
1.3.2. Why is Stockpiling Decontamination Solutions Needed?
1.3.3. Possible Scenario Analysis
1.4. Methodology
1.4.1. Research Methods
1.4.2. Report Structure
1.5. Who is this Report for?

2. Executive Summary
2.1. Main Conclusions
2.2. The Threat of CBRN Terrorism
2.3. How Real is the Threat?
2.4. Decontaminating After a CBRN Event
2.5. Decontamination – the Industry
2.6. Decontamination Market Forecast – 2007–2012
2.7. Challenges for Next Generation Decontamination Technologies

3. Decontamination – Industry Drivers

4. Decontamination – Industry Inhibitors

5. The Threat of CBRN Warfare
5.1. The Threat of Biological Terror
5.1.1. Use of Bio-Weapons – Historical Perspective
5.1.2. Biological Terror – Bacterial Agents
5.1.3. Biological Terror – Viral Agents
5.1.4. Biological Terror – Rickettsiae Agents
5.1.5. Biological Terror – Toxins
5.2. The Threat of Nuclear Radiological Terror
5.2.1. How Real is the Nuclear Threat?
5.2.2. Nuclear Terror
5.2.3. A Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD)
5.3. The Threat of Chemical Terror
5.3.1. Nerve Agents
5.3.2. Blister Agents

6. Decontamination – Technological and System Requirements
6.1. Defining the Problem
6.2. Stages of a Decontamination Process
6.2.1. Contaminant Identification
6.2.2. Sample Characterization
6.2.3. Isolation of Contaminated Area
6.2.4. Design of Decontamination Strategy
6.2.5. Decontamination
6.2.6. Clearance Sampling
6.3. Performance Limitations
6.3.1. Limit 1 – Time
6.3.2. Limit 2 – How Clean is Clean
6.3.3. Limit 3 – Lack of Accurate Contamination Simulations
Scenarios
6.3.4. Limit 4 – Cost
6.3.5. Limit 5 – Environmentally Unfriendly Materials
6.3.6. Limit 6 – Transport and Storage Limitations
6.3.7. Limit 7 – Inability to Handle Radioactive Contamination
6.4. Decontamination Core Technologies Overview
6.5. Physics-Based Decontamination Core Technologies
6.5.1. Sorbents
6.5.2. Solvent-Wash
6.5.3. High-Pressure Methods
6.5.4. Thermal Methods
6.6. Chemistry-based Decontamination Core Technologies
6.6.1. Oxidizing Agents
6.6.2. Strong Bases
6.6.3. Surfactants
6.6.4. Microemulsions
6.7. Biology-Based Core Technologies
6.7.1. Bacterial Decontamination Agents
6.7.2. Enzymatic Systems
6.8. Decontamination System Configurations
6.8.1. Application 1 – People Decontamination Systems
6.8.2. Application 2 – Equipment Decontamination Systems
6.8.3. Application 3 – Building and Infrastructure Decontamination
Systems
6.9. New Technologies Drivers
6.10. New Technologies Inhibitors

7. Business Opportunities – 2007–2012
7.1. Historical Perspective: A Market Waiting for Transition
7.1.1. The Current and Future HLS Decontamination Strategy
7.1.2. Factors Affecting Decontamination Systems Business
Opportunities and Technologies – 2007–2012
7.2. Business Opportunities for Decontamination Systems
7.2.1. Business Opportunity 1 – New Technologies to Counter
Radiological Contamination
7.2.2. Business Opportunity 2 – Non-Toxic/Environmentally
Friendly Biological-Agents Decontamination Technology
7.2.3. Business Opportunity 3 – Improving Contamination
Simulation Capability
7.2.4. Business Opportunity 4 – Improving Biological Sampling
Accuracy
7.2.5. Business Opportunity 5 – Decontamination Standards
7.2.6. Business Opportunity 6 – Reducing Decontamination Time
7.2.7. Business Opportunity 7 – Reducing Cost of Reagents /
Decontamination Material
7.3. Radiological Decontamination Technologies
7.3.1. Business Opportunity 8 – Concrete-Eating Bacteria
7.3.2. Business Opportunity 9 – Decontamination Foams
7.3.3. Business Opportunity 10 – Nano-Particle Super-Absorbent
Gels
7.3.4. Business Opportunity 11 – Strippable coatings
7.3.5. Business Opportunity 12 – Electro-Kinetic Concrete
Cleaning
7.4. Chemical-Biological Decontamination Technologies and Business
Opportunities
7.4.1. Business Opportunity 13 – Forced Hot Air Systems
7.4.2. Business Opportunity 14 – Modified Vaporous Hydrogen
Peroxide
7.4.3. Business Opportunity 15 – Decon Green
7.4.4. Business Opportunity 16 – Resistant/Reactive Coatings
7.4.5. Business Opportunity 17 – Enzyme Decontamination
7.4.6. Business Opportunity 18 – Ionic-Liquid-based
Decontamination
7.4.7. Business Opportunity 19 – Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Decontamination
7.4.8. Business Opportunity 20 – Electrostatic Decontamination
System
7.4.9. Business Opportunity 21 – Atmospheric Plasma
Decontamination
7.5. Contamination Simulation Algorithms
7.5.1. Business Opportunity 22 – Vulnerability of Building to
CBRN Attack Algorithms

8. Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Programs
and Funding Opportunities Forecast – 2007–2012
8.1. Summary & Outlook
8.2. Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding Opportunities
by Major Departments Forecast – 2007–2012
8.2.1. EPA – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast –
2007–2012
8.2.2. DOD – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast –
2007–2012
8.2.3. DHS – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast –
2007–2012
8.2.4. DOE – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast –
2007–2012
8.2.5. TSWG – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast –
2007–2012
8.3. Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding Opportunities
Forecast – 2007–2012
8.4. Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS Pharmaceuticals R&D
Funding Opportunities Drivers – 2007–2012
8.5. Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding Opportunities
Inhibitors – 2007–2012
8.6. DHS – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.6.1. Response and Recovery
8.6.2. Decontamination of Porous Surfaces After a Radiological
Attack
8.6.3. Expedient Mitigation of a Radiological Release
8.7. DARPA (DOD) – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.7.1. Immune Buildings
8.7.2. External Protection
8.8. CBDP (DOD) – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.8.1. Project CB1 – Decontamination
8.8.2. Project CB2 – Decontamination
8.8.3. Project CB3 Biological Defense (ATD) – Decontamination
8.8.4. Project DE4 Decontamination Systems (ACD&P)
8.8.5. Project DE5 Decontamination Systems (SDD)
8.9. ARMY (DOD) – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.9.1. Environmental Quality Technology
8.10. DOE – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.10.1. Environmental Remediation Science Research
8.11. EPA – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.11.1. Water Infrastructure Decontamination
8.11.2. Threat and Consequence Assessment
8.11.3. Nonstandard Methods
8.11.4. Decontamination for Buildings, Large Structures, and
Outdoor Areas
8.11.5. Toxicity, Infectivity, and Mechanism of Action
8.12. TSWG – Decontamination HLS R&D Programs
8.12.1. Statistical Design Tool for Sampling Contaminated
Buildings
8.12.2. Decontamination

9. Vendors
9.1. Vendors and Products

10. Patent Review
10.1. Scope
10.2. Decontamination Technology Patents

11. Decontamination – Legal Issues
11.1. International / European Legislation/Agreements
11.1.1. The Nuclear Weapons Non-Proliferation Treaty
(NPT) – 1970
11.1.2. The Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention
(BTWC) – 1972
11.1.3. Convention for the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material –
1987
11.1.4. Chemicals Weapons Convention – 1992
11.2. U.S. Legislation
11.2.1. U.S. Code Title 50, Chapter 40 – Defense Against
Weapons of Mass Destruction
11.2.2. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
(FIFRA) – 1996
11.2.3. Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Recovery
from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on the United States –2001
11.2.4. Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and
Response Act – 2002

List of Figures

1. Scope
Figure 1 - Modalities of Decontamination Systems
Figure 2 - Closed area (e.g. building) decontamination boundaries
Figure 3 - Open area decontamination boundaries
Figure 4 - Categories of the Biothreat Divides
Figure 5 - The Spraying of Anthrax from Aum Shinrikyo’s
Headquarters June 1993
Figure 6 - Anthrax Spores and disease
Figure 7 - Cholera Bacteria
Figure 8 - Pneumonic plague – the disease
Figure 9 - Tularemia the disease
Figure 10 - Smallpox Virus and Disease
Figure 11 - Ebola virus – Electron Microscopy Image
Figure 12 - VEE – Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus in The
Olfactory Mucosa of a Mouse
Figure 13 - Q Fever
Figure 14 - Typhus Microbe – Electron Microscopy Image
Figure 15 - Castor Plant and Structure for the Ricin Toxin
Figure 16 - The Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Tamarense and
Structure of Saxitoxin
Figure 17 - Reported Interceptions of Nuclear/Radiological Materials
– 1993–2000
Figure 18 - A Simulation of the Impact of the Explosion of a 500
Curie Co60 Dirty Bomb in Downtown Manhattan
Figure 19 - Categories of the Chemical Divides
Figure 20 - Comparison in Weight of Pathogens Between BW Agents
and CW Agents [mg]
Figure 21 - Closed area (e.g. building) Decontamination Boundaries
Figure 22 - Open Area Decontamination Boundaries
Figure 23 - Decontamination Corridor
Figure 24 - Basic Decontamination Process
Figure 25 - A Detailed Decontamination Process
Figure 26 - Decontamination Core Technologies Overview
Figure 27 - Skin Decontaminate Lotion, Anachemia Canada, Inc.
Figure 28 - Decontamination Kit, Personal No. 2, Mark 1, Richmond
Packaging (U.K.) Ltd.
Figure 29 - Portaflex Decontamination Shower System, High Safety
Showers USA
Figure 30 - K4-05 High Purity, Applied Surface Technologies, USE
Figure 31 - Decocontain 3000, Karcher, Germany
Figure 32 - Factors Affecting Decontamination Business Opportunities
and Technologies – 2007–2012
Figure 33 - Schematic of the ISOTRON system
Figure 34 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Forecast by Major Departments [$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 35 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Forecast by Major Departments Share [%] – 2005, 2008 & 2012
Figure 36 - EPA – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast
[$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 37 - DOD – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast
[$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 38 - DHS – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast
[$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 39 - DOE – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast
[$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 40 - TSWG – Decontamination HLS R&D Budget Forecast
[$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 41 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Opportunities Forecast by Sector [$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 42 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Opportunities Forecast Share by Sector [%] – 2005, 2008 & 2012
Figure 43 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Private Sector
Funding Opportunities Forecast [$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 44 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Academia Sector
Funding Opportunities Forecast [$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 45 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Government
Sector Funding Opportunities Forecast [$M] – 2007–2012
Figure 46 - Project DE4 Decontamination Systems (ACD&P) –
Program Funding [$M] – 2004 – 2011
Figure 47 - Project DE5 Decontamination Systems (SDD) –
Program Funding [$M] – 2004 – 2011

List of Tables

Table 1 - Physical and Chemical Properties of Common Nerve Agents
Table 2 - Physical and Chemical Properties of Common Blister Agents
Table 3 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding Forecast
by Major Departments [$M] – 2007–2012
Table 4 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding Forecast
by Major Departments [%] – 2007–2012
Table 5 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Opportunities Forecast by Sector [$M] – 2007–2012
Table 6 - Decontamination – U. S. Federal HLS R&D Funding
Opportunities Forecast Share by Sector [%] – 2007–2012
Table 7 - U.S. Vendors
Table 8 - Canadian Vendors
Table 9 - EU Vendors